There is currently a huge demand for data scientists, which is a top-trending job with attractive salaries. But what are the skills and tools that employers are looking for.
It's a few years since we asked What is a Data Scientist and How Do I Become One? The answer given back in 2015 is still valid as a starting point:
Similar to a business/data analyst, data scientists combine knowledge of computer science and applications, modelling, statistics, analytics and math to uncover insights in data.
But what does this mean in terms of the skillset a data scientist should acquire. The question How to Become More Marketable as a Data Scientist has been tackled by the research team at CV Compiler, a company which provides guidance on creating a convincing resume to developers and others in the software industry. For an analysis of the skills required by data scientists the CV Compiler team looked at 300 Data Science vacancies from StackOverflow, AngelList, and similar websites. Then using their own text analytics tool, they identified the terms which were mentioned the most frequently and created this chart:
It needs to be noted that the research represents the preferences of employers, rather than of data scientists.
I would have expected to see "Machine Learning" near the top of the list because looking at job descriptions you discover that Machine Learning Engineers work in Data Science teams and that Data Science Interns can expect to "gain valuable AI/ML skills". Perhaps the two terms are so intertwined that knowledge of Machine Learning is assumed.
While R is frequently referred to as "the language of data science, Python outnumbering it in job vacancies makes sense in that Python a general-purpose language and currently trending when it comes to popularity. I'm surprised to see Scala quite so high and the complete absense of Julia both from the table and from the blog report write up where other skills and tools that gain substantial number of mentions are discussed. For example, while Big Data is in the table with 221 mentions, the term Data Mining, used for "collecting big data" isn't in the table despite but the fact that it had 128 mention in job vacancies is reported.
While SQL comes high in the list, and ETL (Extract, transform, load) is in the table, there's no mention anywhere Mongo DB or No SQL. On the other hand mentions of the open source Apache Spark outnumber those of Hadoop. Commenting on this Andrew Stetsenko writes:
According to the 2018 Big Data Analytics Market Study, Big Data adoption in enterprises soared from 17% in 2015 to 59% in 2018. Thus the popularity of Big Data tools also grew. [In addition to Spark and Haddoop] the most popular ones are MapReduce (36), and Redshift (29) .....some employers still expect candidates to be familiar with Apache Pig (30), HBase (32), and similar technologies. HDFS (20) is still being mentioned in vacancies as well.
As with Compiler CV's earlier report on the skills needed by JavaScript developers, the figures in brackets are the number of mentions.
Stetsenko also mentions the importance of data visualization, mentioned in 55 job vacancies and notes:
It’s crucial that you could represent the outcomes of your work in a format, understandable to any team member or a customer. As for the data visualization tools, employers prefer Tableau (54).
The fact that Computer Vision and NLP (Natural Language Processing) make it into the table serves to emphasize that AI and Data Science are inextricably linked and that knowledge of AI tools such as Tensorflow is well worth acquiring.
Source: https://www.i-programmer.info/news/197-data-mining/12988-what-skills-do-data-scientists-need.html (Accessed on August 7, 2019) |
Wednesday, August 7, 2019
What Skills Do Data Scientists Need
US tech firms dominate top 10 green card application list
Pune: Only two Indian companies —Tata Consultancy Services and Infosys — figure in a list
of the top ten applicants for employer green cards in the six months to March 2019, a review
of US government data shows.
US-based technology companies such as Amazon, Cognizant, Cisco, Facebook and Google have together filed more green card applications, or those seeking talented immigrants with permanent residency to work in their offices in the United States, according to the US Department of Labor data.
The Department of Labor follows an October to September calendar year.
Amazon has filed 1,500 applications, the largest among the ten companies. Cognizant Technology Services, a US-headquartered IT services firm that has a large employee base in India, is second with more than 1,300 employer green card applications, followed by Cisco. TCS, with 1,009 applications comes fourth on that list, while Infosys is in seventh position, according to the data. It is as yet unclear how many of these applications will convert into permanent residency permits.
Amazon, Cisco, TCS, Infosys, Google, Facebook, Microsoft, Apple and Deloitte — all of which figure in the top 10 — declined to comment.
A spokesperson for Cognizant said it consistently sponsors employees in “securing legal permanent residence in the US precisely because they are highly-skilled, highly-educated knowledge professionals who are valuable assets to our company and clients.”
The National Association of Software and Services Companies (Nasscom), the industry lobby group for Indian IT, said the data supports its contention that there is a shortage of skilled talent in the US and that American companies are hiring people from where it is available the most —India. “While it is a company’s decision on how it wants to recruit and retain talent, this is a reflection of the talent shortage with low unemployment rates and an increased demand for digital skills,” said Shivendra Singh, vice-president of the global trade department at Nasscom.
US grants H-1B visas to highly skilled people for a period of three years. This can be extended for a similar term. Most workers apply for a green card or permanent resident status towards the end of their H-1B visa tenure.
The application enables them to stay and work in the US legally while it is in process.
Companies are required to pay for a worker’s H-1B visa application, but the responsibility for a green card rests with the individual. However, many companies apply for an I-140 or Immigrant Petition for Alien Worker to retain a highly valued or skilled resource.
A prospective employer submits the Form I-140 to the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) to petition for an alien to work in the US on a permanent basis.
Currently, it takes an Indian applicant more than eight years to receive permanent resident status. It is estimated that up to 300,000 Indians could benefit if the Fairness for High-Skilled Immigrants Act or HR 1044 is passed by the US Senate.
US-based technology companies such as Amazon, Cognizant, Cisco, Facebook and Google have together filed more green card applications, or those seeking talented immigrants with permanent residency to work in their offices in the United States, according to the US Department of Labor data.
The Department of Labor follows an October to September calendar year.
Amazon has filed 1,500 applications, the largest among the ten companies. Cognizant Technology Services, a US-headquartered IT services firm that has a large employee base in India, is second with more than 1,300 employer green card applications, followed by Cisco. TCS, with 1,009 applications comes fourth on that list, while Infosys is in seventh position, according to the data. It is as yet unclear how many of these applications will convert into permanent residency permits.
Amazon, Cisco, TCS, Infosys, Google, Facebook, Microsoft, Apple and Deloitte — all of which figure in the top 10 — declined to comment.
A spokesperson for Cognizant said it consistently sponsors employees in “securing legal permanent residence in the US precisely because they are highly-skilled, highly-educated knowledge professionals who are valuable assets to our company and clients.”
The National Association of Software and Services Companies (Nasscom), the industry lobby group for Indian IT, said the data supports its contention that there is a shortage of skilled talent in the US and that American companies are hiring people from where it is available the most —India. “While it is a company’s decision on how it wants to recruit and retain talent, this is a reflection of the talent shortage with low unemployment rates and an increased demand for digital skills,” said Shivendra Singh, vice-president of the global trade department at Nasscom.
US grants H-1B visas to highly skilled people for a period of three years. This can be extended for a similar term. Most workers apply for a green card or permanent resident status towards the end of their H-1B visa tenure.
The application enables them to stay and work in the US legally while it is in process.
Companies are required to pay for a worker’s H-1B visa application, but the responsibility for a green card rests with the individual. However, many companies apply for an I-140 or Immigrant Petition for Alien Worker to retain a highly valued or skilled resource.
A prospective employer submits the Form I-140 to the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) to petition for an alien to work in the US on a permanent basis.
Currently, it takes an Indian applicant more than eight years to receive permanent resident status. It is estimated that up to 300,000 Indians could benefit if the Fairness for High-Skilled Immigrants Act or HR 1044 is passed by the US Senate.
Must Read: 07/08/2019
University Grants Commission (UGC) has permitted SDM, Ujire to start three professional courses
Read more at: http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/70553169.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst
Existing varsities don’t qualify, yet-to-be-set-up ones do
If KREA University, Azim Premji University, Ashoka University, apart from the Indian Institute for Human Settlements and the Indian Institute of Public Health—all promising private universities—not making it to the University Grants Commission (UGC) list of Institutes of Eminence recommended to the government seems odd, its justification for rejecting these seems outright batty. The UGC says that since none of these institutes—and a handful of public universities—feature in global and Indian quality rankings, they weren’t included.
Read more at: https://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/existing-varsities-dont-qualify-yet-to-be-set-up-ones-do/1668246/
'Spin' Highly Prevalent in Top Psychiatry Journal Abstracts
More than half of clinical trial abstracts published in top psychiatry and psychology journals exaggerate the significance of study findings, a discovery that may lead to poor clinical decision making.
This is potentially "dangerous," first author Samuel Jellison, third-year medical student, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences in Tulsa, told Medscape Medical News.
Read more: https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/916484
Varsities should send teachers on sabbatical leave for pursuing research: UGC panel
Universities and
colleges should develop action plans to send mid-career teachers on sabbatical
leave for pursuing research and writing, a panel set up by the University
Grants Commission (UGC) has recommended.
The four-member
committee on “Promoting and improving quality of research in Indian
universities and colleges” headed by professor P Balaram, former director,
Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, recently submitted its report to the
commission.
“The UGC should
encourage and support state universities and affiliated colleges to put in
place a rigorous but generous program that would offer sabbatical leave to
mid-career teachers for pursuing research and writing books and monographs
which consolidated accumulated original research knowledge,” the panel said in
its report.
The report said
mid-career national level sabbatical awards on a competitive basis for a year
may be introduced enabling 50-100 faculty-members to pursue research which may
also provide an opportunity for faculty to build collaborative contacts with
major national and international institutions.
“Such opportunities must
be mandated in both public and private institutions,” the report said.
Developing classroom
pedagogy, curricula and system of assessment, promoting academic integrity,
remedial teaching, encouraging vernacular languages, use of technology and
media platforms and policy internships, are among the other recommendations
made by the committee.
Source: https://www.hindustantimes.com/education/varsities-should-send-teachers-on-sabbatical-leave-for-pursuing-research-ugc-panel/story-4M0Wgrtmh6uYy83T4W5AVO.html (Accessed on August 7, 2019)Tuesday, August 6, 2019
Must Read: 06/08/2019
Setback at high
speed? India's ambitious Train 20 project reaches point of no return
Coming after the launch of the Vande Bharat Express, Train 20 was seen as the next level for high-speed trains.
To read the full article, please visit:https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/railways/setback-at-high-speed-indias-ambitious-train-20-project-reaches-point-of-no-return/articleshow/70512840.cms
India will use more power than Europe, US by 2040: Study
Read more at: http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/70504132.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst
New Isro system to shield its assets from space debris
Indian Space Research Organisation (Isro) is setting up a n ..
Read more at: http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/70528348.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst
Texas Instruments India, AICTE, DST, IIM-B to bring India Innovation Challenge Design Contest to students
Chennai: Engineering freshers begin college life with yoga, ..
Read more at: http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/70544005.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst
Hindi imposition: MHRD seeks opinion of state varsities
Read more at: https://www.deccanherald.com/state/hindi-imposition-mhrd-seeks-opinion-of-state-varsities-752278.html
Gender disparity at PhD level, men dominate by a huge margin
Read more at: http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/70544005.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst
Hindi imposition: MHRD seeks opinion of state varsities
Read more at: https://www.deccanherald.com/state/hindi-imposition-mhrd-seeks-opinion-of-state-varsities-752278.html
Read more at: https://www.deccanherald.com/state/hindi-imposition-mhrd-seeks-opinion-of-state-varsities-752278.html
Gender disparity at PhD level, men dominate by a huge margin
UGC committee recommends four-year undergraduate courses to boost research
The NEP panel led by former ISRO chief K Kasturirangan, which
submitted its report to the new HRD Minister Ramesh Pokhriyal 'Nishank', has
recommended re-introduction of the four-year course as part of the
undergraduate reforms
A University Grants Commission (UGC) panel has recommended the
introduction of a four-year programme from the current three-year undergraduate
course for promoting and improving quality of research in colleges and
universities. The development comes five years after the controversial Four
Year Undergraduate Programme (FYUP) was scrapped.
Apart from the four-member committee of the UGC, an HRD Ministry
panel working on the new National Education Policy (NEP) had also recommended a
transition to four-year UG course.
“Increase the number of
universities offering the four-year undergraduate programme, with a strong
research component to provide the pipeline for good quality students for the
doctoral programme,” the committee, headed by professor P Balaram, former director,
Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, said in its report, according to PTI.
“Also, the existing
two-year MA and MSc programs should have a research project with a requirement
of typically 6-10 credits. It may be important to stop undergraduate programmes
that are limited in scope (for example in specialised subjects like
Biotechnology or Bioinformatics ), as they provide training only in specialised
subjects,” the report further said.
“All full-time undergraduate programmes must be broad-based.
Professional and vocational courses that facilitate jobs should be run
separately as Diploma courses,” the report added.
The Four Year Undergraduate Programme (FYUP) introduced by the
Delhi University under the previous vice-chancellor Dinesh Singh was scrapped
by former Human Resource Development Minister Smriti Irani.
The NEP panel, led by former ISRO chief K Kasturirangan, which
submitted its report to Union HRD Minister Ramesh Pokhriyal ‘Nishank’, has
recommended re-introduction of the four-year course as part of undergraduate
reforms.
“Both three-year and
four-year courses will be allowed to co-exist, but with multiple exit and entry
options. The four-year programme will provide for greater rigour and allow
students to conduct research optionally,” the NEP draft said.
“Students will graduate with a four-year Liberal Arts Science
Education degree with Honours, or may graduate with a B Sc, BA, B Com or B Voc
after completing three years with a suitable completion of credits within their
subject,” it said.
Engineering graduates must give back to safety
90 hours of socially relevant activities will be reflected in 8th sem.
To read the full article, please visit:
https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/engineering-graduates-must-give-back-to-society/articleshow/70516921.cms (Accessed on August 6, 2019)
To read the full article, please visit:
https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/engineering-graduates-must-give-back-to-society/articleshow/70516921.cms (Accessed on August 6, 2019)
Sunday, August 4, 2019
US scientists announce 3D heart printing breakthrough
US
scientists have successfully built functional heart parts out of collagen using
a 3D bioprinter, a breakthrough they say could one day create entire organs.
Their
technique, which was described in the journal Science on Thursday, replicates
the body's own complex biological scaffolds that provide the structure and
biochemical signaling organs need to function.
"What
we were able to show was you can actually 3D print a heart valve out of
collagen, and they function," Adam Feinberg, one of the paper's co-authors
told AFP.
Previous attempts at
printing these scaffolds, known as extracellular matrices, had been hindered by
limitations that resulted in poor tissue fidelity and low resolutions.
Previous
attempts at printing these scaffolds, known as extracellular matrices, had
been hindered by limitations that resulted in poor tissue fidelity and low
resolutions.
Collagen,
which is an ideal biomaterial for the task since it is found in every tissue of
the human body, starts out as a fluid and attempting to print it resulted in
puddle of jello-like material.
But
the scientists at Carnegie Mellon University were able to overcome these
hurdles by using rapid changes in pH to cause the collagen to solidify with
precise control.
Watch:How do 3D printers work? (Deutsche Welle)
How do 3D printers work?
"That's the very first version of a valve, and so anything that we
engineer as a product will actually get better and better," Feinberg said.
The
technique could one day help patients awaiting heart transplants, but it will
need to validated through animal testing and eventually human.
"I
think more near term is probably patching an existing organ," such as a
heart that has suffered a loss of function through a heart attack, or a
degrading liver, said Feinberg.
Friday, August 2, 2019
LIRC @ A GLANCE: JULY 2019
| ALL | |||||
| Summary of Library Visit count (Duration from 2019-07-01 00:00 to 2019-07-31 23:59) | |||||
| Month | Total Members | Visited Members | % | Unique Members | % |
| 2019/7 | 1976 | 2843 | 143.88 | 903 | 45.7 |
| STAFF | |||||
| Summary of Library Visit count (Duration from 2019-07-01 00:00 to 2019-07-31 23:59) | |||||
| Month | Total Members | Visited Members | % | Unique Members | % |
| 2019/7 | 164 | 144 | 87.8 | 73 | 44.51 |
| STUDENTS | |||||
| Summary of Library Visit count (Duration from 2019-07-01 00:00 to 2019-07-31 23:59) | |||||
| Month | Total Members | Visited Members | % | Unique Members | % |
| 2019/7 | 1812 | 2699 | 148.95 | 830 | 45.81 |
| INFT | |||||
| Summary of Library Visit count (Duration from 2019-07-01 00:00 to 2019-07-31 23:59) | |||||
| Month | Total Members | Visited Members | % | Unique Members | % |
| 2019/7 | 546 | 1014 | 185.71 | 294 | 53.85 |
| CMPN | |||||
| Summary of Library Visit count (Duration from 2019-07-01 00:00 to 2019-07-31 23:59) | |||||
| Month | Total Members | Visited Members | % | Unique Members | % |
| 2019/7 | 553 | 701 | 126.76 | 239 | 43.22 |
| EXTC | |||||
| Summary of Library Visit count (Duration from 2019-07-01 00:00 to 2019-07-31 23:59) | |||||
| Month | Total Members | Visited Members | % | Unique Members | % |
| 2019/7 | 518 | 705 | 136.1 | 221 | 42.66 |
| ELEC | |||||
| Summary of Library Visit count (Duration from 2019-07-01 00:00 to 2019-07-31 23:59) | |||||
| Month | Total Members | Visited Members | % | Unique Members | % |
| 2019/7 | 83 | 182 | 219.28 | 38 | 45.78 |
| MECH | |||||
| Summary of Library Visit count (Duration from 2019-07-01 00:00 to 2019-07-31 23:59) | |||||
| Month | Total Members | Visited Members | % | Unique Members | % |
| 2019/7 | 112 | 83 | 74.11 | 31 | 27.68 |
TOI 270: new planetary system about 73 light years away from Earth
In this system, TOI 270 b is the innermost planet. Researchers expect it to be a rocky world about 25 per cent bigger than Earth.
To read the full article, please visit:
https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/toi-270-new-planetary-system-about-73-light-years-away-from-earth-nasa-5864907/ (Accessed on August 2, 2019)
Dabholkar to head leading physics body founded by Abdus Salam
India-born Dabholkar, 53, will succeed Fernando Quevedo in the role in November, according to an ICTP announcement welcomed by the London-based family of Salam, who passed away in 1996 after a path-breaking career in theoretical physics.
Atish Dabholkar, a theoretical physicist known for research on string theory and quantum black holes, has been appointed the next director of the Italy-based International Centre for Theoretical Physics founded in 1963 by Nobel laureate Abdus Salam of Pakistan.
India-born Dabholkar, 53, will succeed Fernando Quevedo in the role from November, according to an ICTP announcement welcomed by the London-based family of Salam, who passed away in 1996 after a path-breaking career in theoretical physics.
Dabholkar is the second Indian appointed to the post in ICTP history after Katepalli Sreenivasan, who was Quevedo’s predecessor. Dabholkar is currently the head of the High Energy, Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics section of ICTP based in Trieste, north-east Italy.
Ahmad Salam, son of Abdus Salam, said: “The four directors since my father have been from developing countries and have been first class physicists in their own right. But more than this the nationality of the director is totally irrelevant”.
‘Dabholkar a strong physicist, has empathy and understanding’
“The fact that he (Dabholkar) is a strong physicist and has empathy and understanding, and background from the developing countries is key. Naturally we are delighted the steering committee has chosen a renowned physicist and someone who knows the ICTP family and system so well”.
“We are delighted to welcome Atish and look forward to working with him on the Spirit of Salam Award and supporting Atish in any way that we can”, Salam added.
Dabholkar’s research includes investigations that build on Abdus Salam’s Nobel-winning work on electroweak unification: “Salam’s work was an important milestone leading to the questions I’m working on”, he says.
Winner of the 2006 Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award for Science and Technology, Dabholkar is a graduate of the IIT, Kanpur, and earned a PhD in theoretical physics from Princeton University, followed by postdoctoral and research positions at Rutgers University, Harvard University and the California Institute of Technology.
Until 2010, he was a professor of theoretical physics at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, and has been a visiting professor at Stanford University and a Visiting Scientist at CERN. He joined ICTP in 2014 on secondment from Sorbonne Université and the National Center for Scientific Research.
‘Great honour to be chosen as ICTP’s next director’
Dabholkar said on his appointment: “It’s a great honour and responsibility to be chosen as ICTP’s next director. ICTP is a dynamic organization with a very high level of research and a unique global mission for international cooperation through science”.
“It was envisioned as an international hub for excellence in science and as an anchor for building scientific capacity and a culture of science around the globe. This vision remains valid today, more than 50 years since its founding, but requires flexibility to meet changing realities and priorities.”
The ICTP said Dabholkar’s appointment comes at a time of its expansion. Over the past 10 years, the current director, Quevedo, has reinforced its commitment and contribution to world-class theoretical physics research by hiring more researchers and creating new research initiatives in quantitative life sciences, high performance computing, renewable energies and quantum technology.
“Directing ICTP is a once in a lifetime opportunity due to its unique mission and its big impact in developing countries. I am glad that when I leave in November the institute will be in very good hands,” said Quevedo.
Source: https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/dabholkar-to-head-leading-physics-body-founded-by-abdus-salam/story-WoPMeDfyr9JK54OjXW8V2K.html (Accessed on August 2, 2019)
The Most Valuable College Majors Are Where The Jobs Are
A shortage of data science and analytic skills stands out as one of the nation’s most urgent of skill gaps.
New job postings in the field are expected to reach more than 2.7 million by 2020, according to 2017 a report from the Business Higher Education Forum and Pricewaterhouse Coopers (PwC).
In a direct response to the growing impact of computing and data in an ever-changing digital world, universities across the nation are opening schools, forming research centers and offering new data-driven majors to meet the demands of the workforce. And they are betting that students will follow.
To read the full article, please visit:
https://www.forbes.com/sites/mariaclaracobo/2019/07/31/the-most-valuable-college-majors-are-where-the-jobs-are/#39c162d278a0 (Accessed on August 2, 2019)
Indians top contributors to fake journals, UGC to crack down
Stop considering publications in predatory journals to hire teachers: Panel
Alarmed by the rise in Indian research contributions to fake journals, a UGC committee has recommended stern measures to preserve academic ethics and deter plagiarism.
The panel constituted to recommend ways to improve university research in India has proposed to the government to stop considering publications in predatory journals or presentations in predatory conferences for academic credit for selection to teaching positions, confirmation, promotion, appraisals, award of scholarships or academic degrees or credits in any form.
“Research publications only from journals indexed in CARE Reference List of Quality Journals should be used for all academic purposes,” the committee has said in its report to the HRD Ministry, which has placed the document in public space for wider consultations. The expert committee report records alarming trends in respect of deteriorating research at university level in India.
Although it shows that the number of admissions to PhDs has almost doubled between 2010 and 2017, it also reveals that the purpose of higher enrolment at research level is the rule that mandates a PhD for teaching assignments in universities.
The report notes that the mandatory requirement of publications in journals/conference proceedings for award of doctoral degrees and as a metric in evaluating faculty under the overall academic score is resulting in a proliferation of predatory journals and conferences, which have abandoned classical peer review as a method of quality control.
- 11,000 Total fake journals
- 35% Articles by Indians
- Maximum articles in engineering journals, followed by biomedicine and social sciences
- Year : PhD admissions
- 2010-11 : 77,798
- 2017-18 : 1,61,412
- Maximum enrolments in science, engineering and technology, followed by social science and humanities
Source: https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/indians-top-contributors-to-fake-journals-ugc-to-crack-down/811604.html (Accessed on August 2, 2019)
Indian academics have contributed 35 per cent of all articles published in various kinds of fake journals lately, says the report, adding that independent sources have identified over 11,000 fake journals. Studies have also found that from a total article volume published in predatory journals, the large share is of articles in engineering journals, followed by biomedicine and social sciences. “Plagiarism and data manipulation are issues of great concern, which damage the credibility of research emanating from our institutions. This has to stop,” the committee said.
CURRENT STATS
10% growth/yr
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