How machine learning can be a catalyst for transforming education

Futurist Arthur C Clarke wrote, “Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.” The magic of software (giving data and rules to get answers) is often confused with the magic of machine learning (giving data and answers to get rules) but it is machine learning not software that is transforming the world of computer chess.

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We’d like to make the case that machine learning is transforming online education, but Indian online education is held back by regulatory cholesterol. Before diving into online education, let’s reflect on challenges in education.

Knowing must shift to learning because Google knows everything. Metrics need shifting from inputs to outcomes because only money is not working. Differentiation and personalization are not about making things easier for children but making learning accessible by tapping into motivations and abilities. Assessment needs to shift from annual exams to regular feedback. Teachers knowing content is not the same as their ability to create learning.

Lifelong learning needs a continuum between prepare, repair and upgrade. Employability is an objective. Timetables are an industrial-era model of one size fits all that blunt choices and learner agency. Most importantly, if you think formal education is everything, then just look at the president of the US.

Many educators agree online learning can transform education, but they don’t know how. Textbook and PowerPoint repackaged e-learning—the digital equivalent of paving the cow path rather than building a highway—mean that, so far, online offerings have not been able to blunt the obvious downsides of physical classrooms (one size fits all, huge costs, uneven teacher and quality) despite obvious advantages (teaching with different speeds to people with different backgrounds and different starting points, class of one, cost, on-the-go, on-demand, crowdsourced and gamified).

We believe that the massification of machine learning could be the missing ingredient—enabling personalisation, flip classrooms, rethinking assessments, and enabling non-conventional credentialing.

Personalisation via intelligent tutor systems that track “mental steps” and modify feedback, exercises, explanations and intervention to promote self-regulation, self-monitoring and self-explanation would revolutionise engagement. A recursive and real-time meta-analysis of learning outcomes across students, cohorts, schools would considerably improve the efficacy of flip classrooms.

Natural language, computer vision, and deep learning could answer student questions.

These systems are infrastructure to improve the signalling value of non-conventional or micro-credentialing, which in turn would discover the cognitive, behavioural and affective preferences for each learner. The biggest impact would be in assessment by moving it from an event to a process and reducing its labour intensity; for instance, tools like Sochobots, Lingolens and Gradescope use computer vision and machine learning to grade students’ work (even stuff like essays).

However, Indian online education is held back by regulatory cholesterol that distinguishes between distance and online education.

E-commerce would never have happened if financial regulators had insisted on separating the offline and online. UPI/ BHIM have gone from 0.1 million transactions in the month before demonetization to 140 million last month; they will reach a billion in a year.

Payments for Indian consumers are almost free (marginal cost), while in the US regulations have protected margins for private platforms.

India’s regulatory issues include hubris (the ability of regulators to anticipate all situations), micromanaging (including defining the type of web links on your website) and continuous lobbying because of poor state capacity to effectively regulate, supervise and enforce.

It is too late for evolution; we need a revolution under which universities do not require permission to launch any online courses.

Regulators can prescribe broad guidelines with a policy objective of creating biodiversity and innovation in business and operating models that would tackle the difficult trade-off between cost, quality and scale. Like with most treatment of regulatory cholesterol, this revamped regulation would be accompanied by improved supervision and strengthened consumer protection. But drunk-driving is not an argument against cars and regulations that ban or make online education difficult are silly.

Einstein once said that if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree, it will live its life believing it is stupid.

Physical classrooms— because of the limitations of time and space—often make this error. India needs a massification and vocation aliza ti on of higher education at a cost that only online learning can do. This needs machine learning.

But before that we need changes to our regulatory cholesterol. The writers are with TeamLease Services and Schoolguru Eduserve, respectively

Source: Hindustan Times dated April 4, 2018

The World's a Workplace

JUMP START What if you could intern at Google, the UN or the World Bank? Experts tell you why you should consider the option of international internships even if they are not entirely paid for, and how you can best prepare for it

ORGANISATIONS SUCH AS THE UNITED NATIONS AND GOOGLE OFFER INTERNSHIPS THAT ARE OPEN TO STUDENTS AROUND THE WORLD

As colleges begin to prepare for the summer, so must students. Most graduates take the nearly two months of leave to intern, which get them hands-on experience and can bring a degree of clarity to how they want their careers to unfold.

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Increasingly, students are opting to do these internships overseas.

“Universities in countries such as France, Germany, Egypt and the US reach out to students because many of those who intern at an international university return there for further study, after graduation,” says Arjun Krishna, co-founder of WeMakeScholars, a studyabroad portal.

Organisations such as the United Nations and Google also offer internships that are open to students around the world.

The benefits are immense, from cross-cultural benefits to an extended global network to help jumpstart your career.

“With increased opportunities, student queries and interest in international internships on our portal have gone up by nearly 50% since 2015,” says Krishna.

ON OFFER

There are several portals that aggregate such internships — WeMakeScholars, InternShala, overseas education portal IES Abroad, global youth organisation AIESEC, Canadian nonprofit organisation Mitacs. Together, they offer a wide range of options that cover communication design, sustainable development, engineering, primary education and youth organisation, science and the humanities.

How does one select the right internship? “There are broadly three parameters — organisation, job description and financial implications, says Udit Bhatnagar, senior counselor at study abroad consultancy ReachIvy.

Even if it is paid, the stipend may not always cover all your costs.

And not every foreign internship will add value to your career. “Accounting internships are generally restricted to research. If you want a career as an analyst, this may not help much,” says Bhatnagar. “For lawyers, consider going abroad only if you plan to specialise in universal areas such as human or animal rights, or international law. Pick an internship if you plan to study further in that country.”

The US, Singapore are good destinations to pick for software engineering internships, Germany for mechanical or automobile, adds Hiren Rathod, business head at Imperial Overseas Education Consultants.

Source: Hindustan Times dated April 4, 2018